Giza Plateau
The Giza Plateau is the most famous monument landscape in ancient Egypt. It includes the pyramids of Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, the Great Sphinx, mortuary and valley temples, causeways, mastaba cemeteries, boat pits, worker and administrative settlements, and related quarries and infrastructure. The site belongs to the wider UNESCO World Heritage property Memphis and its Necropolis, which runs through pyramid fields from Giza to Dahshur. Giza matters because it is not just three pyramids. It is an Old Kingdom royal cemetery, a state labor and logistics system, a religious landscape, an engineering achievement, a tourism icon, and a magnet for alternative history. A useful Giza page must separate the archaeological landscape from claims about aliens, lost civilizations, underground cities, Orion codes, Hall of Records stories, and hidden-chamber speculation.